Why Is My Water Pressure Low?

The pressure tank maintains water pressure between pump cycles. Inside is a bladder or diaphragm that holds air pressure. When the bladder fails or the pre-charge air pressure drops, the tank loses its ability to maintain steady pressure. Symptoms include rapid pump cycling (the pump turns on and off every few seconds), pressure that surges and drops, and pressure that's fine briefly then falls off quickly. A waterlogged pressure tank is one of the most common causes of low pressure and is relatively inexpensive to fix — either by recharging the air or replacing the tank.

The pressure switch controls when the pump turns on and off. Standard settings are 30/50 psi (pump on at 30, off at 50) or 40/60 psi. If the switch is set too low, or if the switch contacts are corroded and not reading pressure accurately, you'll experience chronically low pressure. Adjusting or replacing the pressure switch is a straightforward fix — but the underlying cause of why pressure dropped in the first place still needs to be identified.

A submersible well pump that's losing efficiency will produce lower flow rates and pressure. This can happen gradually as the pump ages, or suddenly if a component fails. Signs of pump problems include pressure that's consistently lower than it used to be, the pump running longer than normal to reach cutoff pressure, or the pump running continuously without reaching cutoff. A pump that won't reach cutoff pressure is a serious warning sign — it can burn out the motor if left running.

Iron, manganese, and calcium deposits can build up inside pipes over years, restricting flow. If pressure is low at specific fixtures but normal elsewhere, the problem is likely a clogged aerator, showerhead, or supply line to that fixture. If pressure is low throughout the house, the restriction is upstream — possibly in the main supply line, pressure tank inlet, or a partially closed valve.

During drought conditions or periods of heavy use, the water level in your well can drop below the pump intake. This causes the pump to pull air, lose prime, and deliver reduced pressure or no water at all. If pressure problems are seasonal or occur after heavy water use, well yield may be the issue. A well driller can evaluate whether the well needs to be deepened or a storage tank system installed.